Filtering using a mechanical pump: This is the quickest way to get drinking water. Compare different kinds to see how fine the filtering is. There is a difference between filtering and purifying type pumps. Filtering strains large particles, while purifying removes or kills things like protozoa, bacteria, and viruses that are too small to strain. Take along spare parts or an alternate means of water purifying in case something breaks. You may choose a pump that does coarse filtering, but also requires that the water be treated chemically or boiled. This works well where your only water source is muddy water puddles.

Chemical treatment: Iodine or chlorine (halazone) tablets can also be used to treat water. Iodine tablets typically have a longer shelf life than chlorine. Read all of the instructions before using as improper use can result in poisoning. The colder the water temperature, the longer the chemicals have to sit before the water is safe to drink.

Boiling: Boiling water is another option for treating water. Water boils at a lower temperature at higher altitudes. Water should be boiled at high temperature for several minutes to be safe. Boiling water while hiking is time consuming and requires extra fuel for the stove and a large metal pot to boil the water in.